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Divergent economic dynamics grind down the Franco-German EU axis
France must face up finally to its fiscal failings – and can no longer rely on German indulgence
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Debt financing European air defence
A case can be made for financing European air defence through issuance of EU debt
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EU securitisation push needs markets, not housing guarantees
Scale and liquidity are two challenges that remain in the pursuit of EU securitisation
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The implications of the European Union’s new fiscal rules
This policy brief summarises the main features of the new European Union fiscal framework
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Europe’s Banking union at ten: unfinished yet transformative
Nicolas Véron offers the first comprehensive exploration of the genesis, implementation and possible future completion of the banking union
Read the bookMacron's snap election gamble
Meet our fellows
Rebecca Christie
Senior fellow
Maria Demertzis
Senior fellow
Simone Tagliapietra
Senior fellow
Reinhilde Veugelers
Senior fellow
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Elections 2024
Bruegel has been following economic developments resulting from this year's elections within the EU and further afield
Read our analysis![F](/sites/default/files/styles/16_9_medium_with_focal/public/2022-10/zmtest3_0.jpg?h=854a7be2&itok=Ket35jSG)
China
Bruegel regularly publishes research on China's relationship with the EU and the wider world
ExploreIn case you missed it
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The economic case for climate finance at scale
This policy brief examines the economic case for advanced-country financial support for replacement of coal with renewable energy sources in EMDEs
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How much does Europe pay for clean air?
Despite major progress, the cost of air pollution is still huge for the European Union
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Twenty years of European east-west household income convergence
While average household income is lower than GDP per capita, the poor have especially benefitted from income gains in central and eastern EU members
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The European Central Bank must adapt to an environment of inflation volatility
The ECB must adapt its strategy to a new era of supply disruptions
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Tough trade-offs: the big strategic issues for the next EU term
Three overarching economic policy trade-offs will set the context for the new Commission from the beginning of its mandate
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